Pronounced sh'moe-neh ess-ray. "The Eighteen." The central service of
the Jewish liturgy. One recites it on one's feet, three times daily, four times on Sabbaths and kadosh (holy) days,
five times on Yom Kippur.
Avot -
Praising the Elohim of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
The first blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Avot (Patriarchs),
and offers praise to Yahweh as the Elohim of the “Elohim of Avraham, Elohim of Yitzchak (Isaac) and Elohim of Yaakov
(Jacob).”
Before Reciting, say:
“O Yahweh, open thou my lips; and my mouth shall shew forth Your hallell/praise.”
(Tehillim/Psalm 51;15 [h])
Blessing One: Avot (the fathers)
Blessed are You, Yahweh our Elohim and Elohim of our fathers, the Elohim of Avraham, the Elohim
of Yitzchak and the Elohim of Yaakov, the great, mighty and revered Elohim, the Most High El who bestows lovingkindnesses,
the Creator of all, who recalls the good deeds of the fathers and who brings a Redeemer to their children's children for his
name's sake, in love. O melech/king, helper, savior and magen (shield). Blessed are You, Yahweh, the magen of Avraham.
Bend
the knees at 'Blessed;' bow at 'You;' straighten at 'Yahweh'
Gevurot -
Praising the One who revives the dead
The second blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Gevurot (“mighty
deeds”), and offers praise to Yahweh as the ultimate Power in the universe as demonstrated by the resurrection from
the dead.
Blessing Two: Gevurot (mighty deeds)
You, Yahweh, are mighty forever, You are the Reviver of the dead, You are greatly able to save.* You sustain the living in lovingkindness, You revive the dead with great compassion,
You support the falling, heal the sick, set free the bound and keep faith with those who sleep in the dust. Who is like You,
O Master of mighty deeds? Who compares to You, a melech/king who puts to death and restores to life, and brings forth salvation?
And You are faithful to revive the dead. Blessed are You, Yahweh, who revives the dead.
From the end of Sukkot until
the eve of Passover, the phrase: "You cause the wind to blow and the rain to fall" is inserted here.
Kedushat Yahweh/HaShem -
The Holiness of Yahweh's Name
The third blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Kedushat Yahweh/HaShem
(“the holiness of the Name”). Kedushat Yahweh/HaShem is also a technical term for “sanctifying Yahweh's
Name,” which, in extreme cases, may require the giving of your life. The following is recited when you are by yourself,
reciting the Amidah:
Blessing Three: Kedushat Yahweh/HaShem
You are holy and your Name is kadosh, and your kadosh ones praise You every day. Blessed are
You, Yahweh, the Elohim who is kadosh.
With a Minyan
With a minyan (group of ten), Kedushat Yahweh is recited responsively:
Reader:
We will sanctify Your name in this world just as it is sanctified in the highest heavens, as
it is written by Your prophet: "And they call out to one another and say:
Minyan:
“Kadosh, Kadosh, Kadosh is Yahweh tzevaoth (of hosts); the whole earth is full of
his glory” (Yeshayahu/Isaiah 6:3).
Reader:
And those facing them praise Yahweh saying:
Minyan:
“Blessed be the tifereth (presence) of Yahweh from his place” (Yechezkel/Ezekiel
3:12).
Reader:
And in Your Kadosh Word it is written, saying,
Minyan:
“Yahweh shall reign le-olam-va-ed (forever), even your Elohim, O Tzion (Zion), to all generations.
Hallel Yahweh” (Tehillim/Psalm 146:10).
Reader:
Throughout all generations we will declare Your greatness, and to all eternity we will proclaim
your holiness. Your praise, our Elohim, shall never depart from our mouth, for You are a great and kadosh Elohim and Melech.
Blessed are You, Yahweh, the kadosh Elohim. You are kadosh, and Your name is kadosh, and your kadosh ones praise You daily.
(Selah.) Blessed are You, Yahweh, the Elohim who is kadosh.
Da’at -
Petition for Knowledge and Insight
The fourth blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Da’at (“knowledge”)
and functions as a prayer for understanding from Yahweh. Note that this part of the Amidah is only recited during weekdays
(the Shabbat and Holiday versions skip this prayer).
Blessing Four: Da’at
You show favor to a man of knowledge, and You teach understanding to a mortal man. Be gracious
to us; a mind of understanding and intellect is from You. Blessed are You, Yahweh, Who favors us with knowledge.
Teshuvah- Repentance
Return us, our Father, to Thy Torah
The fifth blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Teshuvah (“turning”)
and functions as a prayer for return to Yahweh and His Torah. Note that this part of the Amidah is only recited during weekdays
(the Shabbat and Holiday versions skip this prayer).
Blessing Five: Teshuvah
Return us, our Abba/Father, to Your Torah; draw us near our Melech/King to serve You. Restore
us to Your presence in complete repentance. Blessed are You, Yahweh, Who desires repentance.
Selichah - Forgiveness
Forgive us, our Father, for we have sinned
The six blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Selichah (“forgiveness”)
and functions as a confession of sin before Yahweh. Note that this part of the Amidah is only recited during weekdays (the
Shabbat and Holiday versions skip this prayer).
Blessing Six: Selichah
Forgive us, our Abba, for we have sinned; pardon us, our Melech/King, for we have rebelled; for
You are a pardoner and a forgiver. Blessed are you, Yahweh, the gracious One who abundantly forgives.
Geulah -
Redeem us for the sake of thy Name
The seventh blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Ge’ulah (“redemption”)
and appeals to Yahweh for redemption and deliverance.
The Talmud states that this blessing's position as seventh in the Amidah points
to the future advent of the Mashiach, which will be preceded by seven years of travail (the time of Yaakov’s trouble).
In the seventh year, the upheaval will reach its climactic stage and the world will totter on the brink of total destruction.
Then the Mashiach will appear and end the horror to usher in an era of unsurpassed shalom.
Blessing Seven: Geulah
Behold our affliction and champion our cause, and redeem us speedily for the sake of Thy Name.
Blessed are You, Yahweh, Redeemer of Yisrael.
Refuah -
Heal us, Yahweh, and we shall be healed
The Refuah (healing) is the eighth blessing of the Amidah wherein appeal is made to Yawheh
as the faithful and compassionate Healer.
Blessing Eight: Refuah
*
At this point, you may interject a prayer for one who is ill:
May it be Your will,
Yahweh my Elohim, and the Elohim of my forefathers, that You quickly send refuah sh’lemah (complete healing)
from heaven, spiritual healing and physical healing to the patient (name) son/daughter of (mother's name) among the other
patients of Yisrael. - continue: Ki el melekh...
Translation: Heal us, Yahweh, and we shall be healed; save us, and we will be saved,
for the one we praise is You. Bring complete healing for all our sicknesses, [*
at this point, you may interject a prayer for one who is ill, see above], for Yahweh, for You are our faithful and compassionate
Healer and Melech/King. Blessed are you, Yahweh, the Healer of the sick of Yisrael.
Birkat Hashanim -
An appeal for a prosperous year
The Bircat Hashanim (blessing of the years) is the ninth blessing of the Amidah wherein
appeal is made to Yahweh to prosper us for the year’s needs.
Blessing Nine: Birkat Hashanim
Translation: Bless for us, Yahweh our Elohim, this year and its crops. Grant us a blessing
on the earth. Satisfy us from Thy bounty and bless our year like other good years. Blessed are You, Yahweh, Who blesses the
years.
Kibbutz Galuyot -
Ingathering of Exiles
The KibbutzGaluyot (gathering of exiles) is the tenth blessing of the Amidah wherein
appeal is made to the LORD to return the Jews from the affliction of Galut.
Blessing Ten: Kibbutz Galuyot
Translation: Sound the great shofar for our freedom and raise a banner to gather our
exiles and unite us together from the four corners of the earth. Blessed are You, LORD, who regathers the scattered of His
people Israel.
Birkat HaDin -
Restoration of Justice
The Birkat HaDin (restoration of justice) is the eleventh blessing of the Amidah wherein
appeal is made to the LORD to restore righteous rule upon the earth.
Blessing Eleven: Birkat HaDin
Translation: Restore our judges as at the early times, and advisors as there once were.
Remove our sorrows and troubles: we want You, Adonai, to rule over us with kindness and compassion and to justify us in justice.
Blessed are You, Lord, the King Who loves righteousness and justice.
Birkat HaMinim -
Against Heretics
This “blessing,” originally the nineteenth of the Amidah, was instituted at the council
of Yavneh sometime after the destruction of the second Temple, and was composed in response to the Essenes and early Messianic
believers in Yeshua as Mashiach.
Note that in its present form, this blessing does not seem to target Messianic Jewish believers
(the key word lamalshinim is normally rendered “for the slanderers”). But the Talmud (B’rakhot 28b-29a)
states that the original form of this blessing had the term laminim, which is rendered “for the sectarians,”
which was generally understood to be the Essenes and Messianic Jews of that time. “If the chazan makes a mistake in
any other of the blessings they do not remove him, but if he makes a mistake when saying the Birkat HaMinim they remove him
because he is suspected of being a min himself” (B'rakhot 28b).
In short, the “blessing” was
used as a sort of litmus test by the Rabbinics: a Messianic Jew could faithfully recite the other eighteen blessings of the
Amidah but could hardly invoke a curse on followers of Yeshua the Mashiach. In this way, persons not reciting the Birkat
HaMinim were suspected of heresy and subject to cherem (excommunication).
Blessing Twelve: Birkat HaMinim
Translation: And for slanderers [sectarians] let there be no hope, and may all the
evil in an instant be destroyed and all Thy enemies be cut down swiftly; and the evil ones uproot and break and destroy and
humble soon in out days. Blessed art You, LORD, who breaks down ememies and humbles sinners.
Tsaddikim -
Righteous Ones
The thirteenth blessing of the Amidah is called Tsaddikim (“righteous ones”)
and is an appeal to the LORD to show compassion and grace toward the righteous.
Blessing Thirteen: Tsaddikim
Translation: Upon the righteous, upon the pious, upon the elders of your people of
the house of Israel, upon the remnant of their scholars, upon the righteous converts, and upon ourselves, may Your compassion
arise, O Lord our God, and give good reward to all who sincerely believe in your Name. Include us with them forever, and let
us not be ashamed, for we put our trust in You. Blessed are You, Lord, the stronghold and assurance of the righteous.
Binyan Yerushalayim -
Rebuilding Jerusalem
While in Galut (exile), Jews will never stop mourning for and praying to return to Jerusalem.
This sentiment finds its expression in Zionism - the worldwide movement of the Jewish people to return to their ancient homeland
as the chosen people of God (Zionism comes from the word Tsion, one of the Jewish names for the holy city of Jerusalem).
In fact, the Amidah prayer itself - the quintessential prayer recited three times a day by Orthodox
Jews - is recited facing to the east, toward Jerusalem. The fourteenth blessing of the Amidah is called Binyan Yerushalayim
(“rebuilding of Jerusalem”) and expresses the Jewish dream of being restored to the rebuilt city of Jerusalem
as the City of the LORD upon the earth.
Blessing Fourteen: Rebuilding Jerusalem
Translation: Return in compassion to Your city, Jerusalem, and rest within it as You
have said. Rebuild it speedily, and in our days, a structure forever. And may You establish the throne of David within Jerusalem
speedily. Blessed are You, Lord, the Builder of Jerusalem.
Malkhut beit David
The Kingdom of David
Blessings ten through fifteen of the Amidah emphasize the LORD’s redemption of national
Israel. With blessing fifteen, Malkhut beit David, the appeal is made for the “Branch of David” (Tzemach
David) to arise and bring about Israel’s salvation (yeshuah).
We believe that Yeshua Natseret (Jesus of Nazareth) is indeed the promised and only legitimate
Jewish Mashiach - revealed both as Yeshua ben Yosef and Yeshua ben David. As Yeshua ben Yosef He perfectly fulfilled
the role of the Suffering Servant and HaGo’el (Redeemer) of national Israel; as Yeshua ben David He will
come again to set up the Davidic Kingdom and reign on earth from Jerusalem. As Messianic Jews, we pray for the soon coming
of the true the Tzemach David, revealed as Yeshua haMashiach, to set up His kingdom speedily an in our days (Psalm 132:17).
Blessing Fifteen: Kingdom of David
Translation: May the Seed of David Thy servant flourish speedily and may You exalt
in Your salvation. For in your salvation do we hope all the day. Blessed are You, Lord, Who brings forth the Horn of our salvation.
Kabbalat Tefillah -
Acceptance of Prayer
Blessing sixteen of the Amidah prayer, Kabbalat Tefillah, is an appeal to the LORD for
pity, mercy, and acceptance of the foregoing petitions, and thereby closes the petitionary (middle) section of the foregoing
sequence of prayers.
Blessing Sixeen: Kabbalat Tefillah
Translation: Hear our voice, O Lord our God, and have pity and mercy upon us and accept
in mercy and in favor our prayer, for You are a God Who hears prayers and supplications. Do not turn us away from before You
empty, for in mercy You hear the prayer of Your people Israel. Blessed are You, Lord, Who hears prayer.
Avodah -
Worship
The Avodah (worship, labor, service) is the seventeenth blessing of the weekday Amidah
and the fifth blessing of the Shabbat Amidah. According to the Rabbis of the Talmud, the Avodah prayer was said by the priests
in the Temple just after they had offered the sacrifices (Mishnah Tamid 5:1).
Blessing Seventeen: Avodah
Translation: Accept Your people, O Lord our God, and receive their prayer. Restore
the most holy service of Your house and accept in love the offerings and prayers of Israel. May it please You always to want
to accept the service of Your people Israel. May our eyes see You return to Zion in mercy. Blessed are You, O Lord, Who restores
His Presence to Zion.
Hoda’ah -
Thanksgiving to the LORD
The eighteenth blessing of the weekday Amidah is composed of two parts: the Hoda’ah
portion, expressing thanks to the LORD, and the concluding section. Hoda’ah means gratitude, and is considered
the most basic of attitudes toward HaShem.
Modim Anachnu Lakh
Traditional Jews bow at the word “modim” and straighten up when the name “Adonai”
is said:
Translation: We thank You, for it is You alone Who is Adonai our God and the God of
our fathers, forever and ever. You are the Rock and Shield of our salvation, You alone, from generation to generation. We
thank You and tell of Your praise, for our lives are in Your hands and our souls are trusting in You. Every day Your miracles
are with us: Your wonders and favors are at all times, evening, morning, and afternoon. O Good One, Your compassions are never
exhausted and Your kindnesses are continual. We put our hope in You.
Blessing Eighteen: Concluding Section
In the closing portion of the blessing, traditional Jews bend the knees at “barukh”,
bow at “attah,” and straighten up when “Adonai” is said:
Translation: For all these things we bless and exalt Your Name our King forever and
evermore. And all the living shall confess You forever and praise Your Name in truth, O God of our salvation and our help
forever! Blessed are You, Adonai, “The Good One” is Your Name, and to You it is right to give thanks.
Sim Shalom -
Establishing Peace
The final blessing of the weekday Amidah is called Sim Shalom which means “create
peace,” and anticipates the birkat kohanim, "May He grant you peace" (Numbers 6:24-26).
Blessing Nineteen: Sim Shalom
Translation: Grant peace, goodness, blessing, grace, kindness, and compassion upon
us and upon all of Your people Israel. Bless us, our Father, all of us as one, with the light of Your face, for with the light
of Your face You gave to us, Adonai our God, the Torah of life and love of kindness, righteousness, blessing, compassion,
life, and peace. And may it be good in Your eyes to bless Your people Israel at every time and at every hour with Your peace.
Blessed art You, Lord, Who blesses His people Israel with peace.
Oseh Shalom Bimromav
This blessing ends with the following ritual: Bow to the left for the phrase oseh shalom bimromav,
bow forward for during hu ya‘aseh shalom aleinu, and straighten up for ve‘al kol yisrael. Veimru amen:
Translation: May He who makes peace in His high places make peace for us, and for all
Israel. And say ye, Amen.